According to Morteza Enferadi: “Mashhad, quite like other Iranian cities, runs special mourning ceremonies during Muharram, particularly during the first 10 days of the month, each of which has a long history and special philosophy behind”.
Flag Ritual
A special flag has always existed in the shrine since the end of Timurid rule (1370-1507). It  would be waved to welcome kings and commanders or at times of surrender.
The flag, which has borne the Arabic phrase ‘lā ilāha illā llāh’ (There is nothing worthy of worship except God) in the pattern of dome and minarets since the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran, is currently the official emblem of the shrine with Imam Reza’s name appearing in yellow embroidery.
The flag is always hoisted at the top of the golden dome except during mourning periods, which is then replaced with black flags.
Khotbeh Khani Ritual
The traditional ritual of Khotbeh Khani (mourning plus eulogy while carrying candles) is held every year at the courtyards and porticos of the holy shrine to mark the martyrdom anniversaries of Imam Hussain and Imam Reza – the third and eighth Shia Imams respectively.
 Rozh Khani Ritual
Rozeh Khani, which is the Shia Iranian Muslim ritual of the Mourning of Muharram, dates back to Safavid era (1501-1736). This ritual is performed in the shrine in the forms of vows, endowments and official performance.
Shām-e Gharībān (The evening of strangers)
Shām-e Gharībān refers to the evening of 10th day of Muharram (Ashura) in Farsi literature and poetry. On this night, Shias mourn and lament the martyrdom of Imam Hussain and the tribulations and tragedies that befell his household and companions. The ritual dates back to 1960 in the shrine.
Lighting Candles Ritual
This is another mourning ceremony to commemorate the martyrdom anniversaries of Imam Hussain and Imam Reza. It is traced back to 1939, when the shrine was not equipped with electrical power; therefore, mourners would light up candles.